Problem statement

Penang, like many Asian cities, is facing increased social and environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization. The city population is increasing due to rural-urban migration as well as the immigrant from outside country. The enlargement of urban areas has resulted in an increase in the problems, needs and complexities relating to urban governance. Local government capacity to provide basic necessities, such as adequate and safe pedestrian walkway, proper lighting to enhance the level of visibility during night time, bollard to cater illegal parking and other safety purposes is being challenged by the increased urban populations. The lack of these services has resulted in a deterioration of community health standards, as local areas face increased numbers of crimes happening.